Final answer:
The Constitutional Convention in 1787 focused on creating a new federal government, which resulted in the United States Constitution. The document addressed representation, taxation, and the presidency, and balanced national authority with states' rights, shaping the nation's government structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Constitutional Convention of 1787
The Constitutional Convention, which took place from May to September of 1787 in Philadelphia, was a pivotal event in United States history. Initially convened to amend the Articles of Confederation, the delegates shifted their focus to creating a new framework for the government. Notable figures such as James Madison and Alexander Hamilton were key proponents of a strong federal government. The proceedings, kept in secret, resulted in the drafting of the United States Constitution, replacing the Articles of Confederation and establishing a government that balanced national authority with federal recognition of state sovereignty. The new Constitution addressed issues such as representation of states, the counting of slaves for representation, taxation, and the election of the president. These debates were significant given the diversity of states' sizes and interests. The convention ultimately led to the creation of a government structure that has endured for over two centuries.
Concerns about the adequacy of the existing government under the Articles were highlighted by economic difficulties, such as those that led to Shays' Rebellion, demonstrating the need for a stronger centralized authority while respecting states' rights. The result of the convention was overwhelmingly ratified by the states, despite initial resistance and the lack of a bill of rights, which was a crucial point of contention. The new Constitution implemented a balance of powers and federalism that has shaped the nation's political landscape ever since.