Answer:
Explanation:1. Landlocked: A landlocked country is a nation that is surrounded by land and does not have direct access to the sea or any major body of water. It is completely geographically isolated from any coastline.
2. Disadvantages of being landlocked:
a) Limited trade opportunities: Landlocked countries face challenges in terms of international trade as they do not have direct access to seaports. This can result in higher transportation costs, longer transit times, and a reliance on neighboring countries for trade routes.
b) Limited access to resources: Landlocked countries often have limited access to natural resources found in coastal areas, such as fish, oil, and minerals. This can hinder economic development and make them dependent on imports.
3. Advantages of being landlocked:
a) Security and stability: Being geographically isolated from the sea can provide landlocked countries with a certain level of security, as they are less vulnerable to naval attacks or conflicts related to maritime disputes.
b) Control over borders: Landlocked countries have more control over their land borders, allowing them to regulate and monitor the movement of goods, people, and resources more easily than countries with coastal access.
4. Geography and development:
Yes, geography can play a significant role in a country's development. Here are two examples:
a) Switzerland: Its mountainous terrain has allowed it to remain neutral and secure, which has contributed to its political stability and prosperity. Additionally, its geographical location at the heart of Europe has made it a strategic crossroad for trade and finance.
b) Singapore: Despite being a small island city-state, its strategic location along major shipping routes has made it a global trade and financial hub. Its geographical advantage as a natural deep-water harbor has contributed to its economic success.
5. Other factors affected by a civilization's geography:
Besides economics, a civilization's geography can impact various other factors:
a) Cultural practices: Geography can influence the development of unique cultural practices, such as the nomadic lifestyles of people living in desert regions or the fishing traditions of coastal communities.
b) Political boundaries: Geographic features like rivers, mountains, or deserts can act as natural barriers, shaping political boundaries and influencing the formation of nations or states.
c) Access to natural resources: The availability or scarcity of certain resources can affect a civilization's ability to develop and thrive. For example, fertile soil for agriculture or access to water sources can greatly impact the success of a society.