Answer and Explanation:
1. What makes this text a formal article is the author's choice of words. The author chose to use formal and elaborate words, although they are simple and direct. In addition, the author imposes a tone of sophistication and knowledge in his words, using the grammar correctly and without using jargon, slang, linguistic expressions and any other type of word that deviates from the English standard.
2. The essay is factual, as it is based on facts, to which the author presents evidence that they really exist and are true, both in relation to what he defends and in relation to what he accuses.
3. The essay does not attempt to entertain the reader at any time, but is based on explaining the backwardness that England promotes in the American colonies and how it should be stopped.
4. The thesis statement is that the American colonies need to become independent of the control of England, as this delays the success of the colonies, while enriching England, which imposes a tyrannical positioning on the colonies, which will become stronger, as the Americans postpone standing up against the crown.