Answer:
1. Not equivalent
2. Equivalent
3. Equivalent
4. Not equivalent
Explanation:
For 1,
the rule for () is to multiply the outside of the bracket with everything that is inside. So basically, 4(2n+1) would result in 8n + 4 because 4 is multiplied with everything inside the bracket.
For 2,
You just add the gs. imagine it like 5 different people having 1 chocolate each, here chocolate represents g. if you were to count how many total chocolate there is, it would be 5, right? g is just like a chocolate, a variable.
For 3,
You add the numbers again but this time you are multiplying the x and adding it with y. You can think on multiplying with same number as raising a power. So 2×2 would be 2^2. instead of 2 now you just have a variable. So that is how you end up getting x^2. As for adding the y, you cannot add two different variables together but add a plus sign. Kind of like having 5 chocolates AND 2 ice cream.
For 4,
we follow the same rule as 1st. and this time it is still not right because correct form for 4(4q+20) would be 16q + 80.
hope this helps!