Answer:
- Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum: A. Pylorus
- Controls the entry of chyme into the colon: H. Ileocecal valve
- Substance that helps make or break a chemical bond: I. Enzyme
- A component of gastric juice: G. Hydrochloric acid
- Organ that releases bile into the small intestine: E. Gallbladder
- Organ that synthesizes bile: J. Liver
- Fingerlike projection of small intestinal lining: D. Villus
- Absorption mechanism that requires energy: B. Active transport
- Absorption mechanism that does not require energy: C. Diffusion
- Carries fat-soluble vitamins: F. Lymphatic system
Explanation:
The pylorus is a part of the digestive system that connects the stomach to the duodenum. The ileocecal valve is a muscle localized between the ileum of the small intestine and the colon, whose main function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents. Gastric juice is a liquid consisting of hydrochloric acid, lipase, and pepsin, whose main function is to inactivate microorganisms. The gallbladder is a small organ that in combination with the small intestine are reservoirs for bile acid and regulate the biliary secretion of this acid. The bile acid is a fluid secreted by the liver that helps to digest lipids in the small intestine. Intestinal villi (villus in singular) are finger-like projections that increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Active transport is the movement of molecules across cell membranes by using energy from ATP hydrolysis or by using an electrochemical gradient. Diffusion is the movement of molecules across cell membranes from a side of the membrane with higher concentration to the other side with lower concentration. An enzyme is a molecule (generally a protein) that is capable of accelerating the rate of a chemical reaction. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine and then they are transported through the lymphatic system to be released into the bloodstream.