Answer:
d) measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used
Step-by-step explanation:
An unfavorable production-volume variance measures the amount of extra fixed costs planned for but not used. As per production-volume variance extra fixed costs planned for but not used has unfavorable production-volume variance.
When production-volume variance is unfavorable, that means the fixed cost are allocated on lesser number of manufactured units, hence it indicates that the fixed costs are not controlled well.