Answer:
Enlightenment
Step-by-step explanation:
The "European Enlightenment" or the "Age of Reason" flourished in the 18th century. Enlightenment Thinkers focused on the conditions of the human beings and believed in the rational change of people. They valued the natural rights of humans–the right to life, liberty and property. This kind of thinking affected the American revolutions. It also shaped the "Declaration of Independence," which was used by the Americans in order to free themselves from the British control.
The "separation of powers" arose from the idea of John Locke and Pierre Bayle, who were Enlightenment Thinkers. They stated that the Church and the State should have separate powers.