Answer:
B. Game theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
This said theory was first geared by a mathematician John von Neumann and also an economist Oskar Morgenstern in the 1940s.
It is explained to be a science of strategy, or at least the optimal decision-making of independent and competing actors in a strategic setting.
It is a strategy which explains also that decision making is seen to depend on what the opposing or counter player is seen to do in may cases. Therefore what a lot of people tag to be luck or even a pure or natural chance is said to be eliminated by the plans which has been put to place by the opposing players.