Final answer:
In Sparta, the government was mainly run by a Council of Elders, with two hereditary kings having limited power. The Assembly of Spartiates, consisting of adult male citizens over 30, could vote on laws and elect officials, confirming that a group of elders had the most power to make decisions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The government of the city-state of Sparta was complex and unique compared to other Greek city-states. Sparta had a mixed constitution that included elements of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy. The primary governing body was the Council of Elders, which comprised elderly men who deliberated on important matters. Additionally, Sparta was ruled by two hereditary kings who had limited powers but were influential in military leadership and religious matters.
Despite the presence of kings, real political power lay with the citizens through the Assembly of Spartiates. In this assembly, all male citizens over the age of 30 could vote on laws and elect officials. These citizens, known as Spartiates, were required to complete military training and continued to serve in the army reserve until the age of 60. The executive governance was managed by five officials known as ephors, who were elected annually by the assembly to oversee the administration of the state.
As such, among the options provided, the correct answer is: A. A group of elders had the most power to make decisions.