Question

What is the effect on the graph of f(x) = x² when it is transformed to
h(x) = x² – 9?

Answer 1

see explanation

Explanation:

given f(x) then f(x) ± c is a vertical translation of f(x)

• if + c then a shift up of c units

• if c < 0 then a shift down of c units

then

h(x) = x² - 9 is the graph of f(x) shifted down 9 units