1- A huge area of air in the lower section of the troposphere that has similar characteristics throughout is called an air mass.
2 -
Anemometer - counts the number of rotations, which is used to calculate wind speed, and measures wind speed and wind pressure.
Thermometer - measure the temperature of a solid such as food, a liquid such as water, or a gas such as air.
Doppler Radar - can measure how fast rain or hail is moving toward or away from the radar.
Wind Sock - used to measure wind speed and the direction of the wind speed itself.
Barometer - measure atmospheric pressure, also called barometric pressure.
Weather Satellite - monitor the weather and climate of the Earth