Final answer:
Not all living organisms perform photosynthesis; this process is specific to plants, algae, and certain bacteria, whereas respiration, movement, and excretion are characteristics of all living organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristic that is not shown by all living organisms is C. photosynthesis. While all living organisms need to perform some form of respiration to produce energy and they all exhibit movement (even if some are only on a cellular level like in plants) and excretion to get rid of waste products, not all organisms are capable of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process used primarily by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy. Many organisms, including humans and other animals, do not carry out photosynthesis.
Addressing the review questions provided: Chloroplasts are not used by both plants and cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis using structures called thylakoids instead. Also, cellular respiration is generally an exergonic reaction as it releases energy, while photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction as it requires an input of energy.