Answer:
D. Air pollution
Step-by-step explanation:
Air pollution has been hitting the headlines recently, but what are the implications for businesses and what can they do to tackle it? Corporate Citizenship researcher Richard Phillips provides some answers.
Smoggy skies in Hackney, London. The European Commission estimates that more than 130 cities across Europe are flouting air quality laws.
London began to be known as the “Bin the late nineteenth century for the persistent veil of smog that smothered the city after the Industrial Revolution. Fast-forward nearly a century and half later and it seems the moniker still holds more than a grain of truth.
Legal air pollution limits for the entire year were broken in the capital just five days into 2017 and various other sites have now also broken or are set to break the annual UK and EU limit.
- CITIES:
Vietnam to step up battle against dirty air—will its measures go far enough?
Of course, it is not just London. Across the globe urban areas are struggling with toxic air. Beijing, long plagued by smog, began 2017 with pollution 24 times the level recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Meanwhile, New Delhi did not enjoy one single “good” air quality day throughout winter. In Europe, more than 130 cities are flouting air quality laws, according to the European Commission.
With the percentage of the world’s population living in urban areas expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050, concern for the quality of air being breathed in cities is mounting. But should businesses be worried, particularly those who have little direct influence on the quality of air? This article outlines some of the studies and trends that highlight the real risks that the air pollution crisis poses for companies.
-- Employee health:
Air pollution is largely being framed as a health issue. MPs in the UK have described the state of national air quality as a public health emergency and much has been made of the estimates of premature deaths caused by exposure to dirty air.
The most quoted figure for early deaths linked to outdoor air pollution in the UK is 40,000 per year and 3 million per year globally. These numbers take into account deaths by cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and strokes, all of which has been linked to toxic air particles getting into the blood stream. Alzheimer’s and diabetes are some of the other serious complications that have been related to air pollution.
For business, an obvious implication is that poor air quality provides a risk to employee health, with coughs, sore throats and asthma attacks likely to become more frequent. This will bring about a growing number of sick days, something that is already estimated to stand at 656,900 days a year in Central London due to air pollution.
-so therefor your answer is; D. Air pollution ^^-
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