Final answer:
The statement that 'from 1781 to 1789 the articles of confederation provided the United States with an effective government' can be refuted. The Articles of Confederation had several weaknesses and limitations that made it ineffective in providing a strong central government. The adoption of the Constitution in 1789 established a more effective form of government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that 'from 1781 to 1789 the articles of confederation provided the United States with an effective government' can be refuted. Although the Articles of Confederation gave the newly independent United States a framework for governance, it had several weaknesses and limitations that made it ineffective in providing a strong central government. Some of these weaknesses included the inability to levy taxes, no executive branch, and the requirement for unanimous consent among states for changes in the articles. These limitations ultimately led to the adoption of the Constitution in 1789, which established a more effective form of government.
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