Final answer:
Menarche is the beginning of menstruation and marks the start of female reproductive activity. It is triggered by the pituitary gland and typically occurs around the age of 12.5 years.
Step-by-step explanation:
Menarche is the beginning of menstruation, or monthly periods, and marks the start of female reproductive activity. It is triggered by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. Menarche typically occurs around the age of 12.5 years, although there is variation among individuals. It is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors such as diet, and other factors such as nutrition and body fat levels.