Answer:
In the sentence, the writer describes:
A. the central idea.
Step-by-step explanation:
We can define central idea as a declarative sentence whose purpose is to state the main topic of, for instance, an essay or a speech. That topic will be developed and supported with evidence and details throughout the work. A central idea can express a fact as well as an opinion.
The sentence we are analyzing here is an example of a central idea. It states the topic this author will develop. According to him/her, Elizabethan women had oppressive lives. His/her work will expand this topic and support it with historical evidence.