Question

1. From 1096 to 1270, a series of military expeditions to the Middle East, called the Crusades, tried to recapture the "Holy Land" – the city of – from the Muslims

Answer 1

The excerpt is referring to The Crusades

Step-by-step explanation:

The Crusades were a series of holy wars that were started by Pope Urban in the year 1096. The main goal of the Crusades was to take Christian control of the Holy Land (Palestine) which were at the time under Muslim control.

The Crusades were only partially successful in this aspect, although it was more successful in promoting trade relations and networks between the Muslims and the Christians.