1a. Reaction occurs when zinc is more reactive than copper.
b. Balanced chemical equation: Zn + Cu(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
c. Copper(II) nitrate solution turns colorless due to reduction of copper(II) ions.
2a. Displacement reaction occurs between aluminum and lead(II) nitrate solution.
b. No displacement reaction occurs between silver and calcium nitrate solution.
c. No displacement reaction occurs between iodine and sodium chloride solution.
d. Displacement reaction occurs between bromine and potassium iodide solution.
3. Zinc, aluminum, and magnesium release hydrogen gas in hydrochloric acid.
4. Order of ease of ionization: magnesium > zinc > metal X.
1a. A reaction occurs when zinc is placed in a solution of copper (II) nitrate because zinc is more reactive than copper. This means that zinc has a higher tendency to lose electrons and undergo oxidation compared to copper. In this case, zinc atoms lose electrons to form zinc ions, while copper(II) ions gain electrons to form copper atoms. This transfer of electrons allows the reaction to occur.
b. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s)
The balanced ionic equation for the reaction is:
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
c. The color of the copper(II) nitrate solution changes from blue to colorless. This occurs because copper(II) ions, which are responsible for the blue color, are being reduced to copper atoms during the reaction. The reduction of copper(II) ions removes the source of the blue color, resulting in a colorless solution.
2a. A displacement reaction will occur between aluminum and lead(II) nitrate solution because aluminum is more reactive than lead. Aluminum will displace lead from the compound.
b. A displacement reaction will not occur between silver and calcium nitrate solution because silver is less reactive than calcium. Silver cannot displace calcium from the compound.
c. A displacement reaction will not occur between iodine and sodium chloride solution because iodine is less reactive than chlorine. Chlorine cannot be displaced by iodine.
d. A displacement reaction will occur between bromine and potassium iodide solution because bromine is more reactive than iodine. Bromine will displace iodine from the compound.
3. The metals in the electrochemical series that will release hydrogen gas when added to hydrochloric acid are zinc, aluminum, and magnesium. These metals are more reactive than hydrogen and can displace hydrogen from the acid, forming metal chloride and releasing hydrogen gas.
4. The order of ease of ionization, from easiest to least, would be: magnesium, zinc, and metal X. This is based on the fact that metal X displaced zinc from zinc nitrate solution but did not displace magnesium from magnesium nitrate solution. Metal X is more reactive and has a higher tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions compared to zinc and magnesium.