Final answer:
To find the percentage increase, subtract the original number from the increased number, divide by the original number, and multiply by 100.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the percentage by which a number is increased, you need to first find the difference between the original number and the increased number. In this case, the original number is 77 and the increased number is 83. The difference is 83 - 77 = 6. To find the percentage increase, divide the difference by the original number and then multiply by 100. So, (6/77) * 100 = 7.7922077922077925. Rounding to the nearest tenth of a percent gives us a percentage increase of approximately 7.8%.