If cheese wasn't called "cheese," its name would likely be derived from its production process, cultural context, or its appearance. In a hypothetical world, it could be called many things:
"Curdblock" (given that it's made from curds)
"Milkset" (reflecting the process of milk setting)
"Creamsolid" (highlighting its origin from dairy)
Historically, the word "cheese" comes from the Latin "caseus", which led to "cheese" in English and "queso" in Spanish, among other variations in different languages. So, in an alternate history, any deviation from "caseus" could have resulted in a different term.
That said, it's all speculative. cause i love cheese