A political party is a group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections, control government, and thereby influence government policies. When trying to elect candidates, parties need some of the same things as a winning sports team. For example, parties need hard-working candidates, money to spread information about their positions on issues, and lots of fans. The most successful political parties win on Election Day when more of their “fans” come to the polls. However, once party candidates win elections, their work has just begun. Then they have to govern, often with members of the other team; they must work to implement the policies they campaigned for, while also preparing for the next election.
The Constitution does not provide for political parties or even mention them, yet political parties are an integral part of the American democratic system. Political parties perform several important functions that no other body or institution in American politics does.
Electing Candidates
Political parties recruit men and women to run for office who appear to have a good chance of being elected. Parties raise money for campaigns and organize rallies and meetings to generate enthusiasm for their candidates.
Educating the Public
Political parties bring important issues to the public’s attention. Each party publishes its position on important issues that impact the nation. Candidates present these views in pamphlets, press conferences, speeches, and television, radio, newspaper, social media, and online advertisements. Unfortunately, many Americans are not well-informed about the backgrounds of candidates or their views on important issues. Political parties simplify elections by helping such people decide how to vote. By supporting a candidate just because he or she is a Democrat or a Republican, the voter knows generally how the candidate stands on key issues.