Final answer:
Group 1 elements are metals (alkali metals), Group 17 are nonmetals (halogens), Group 5 includes metalloids and nonmetals, Group 16 consists of nonmetals (chalcogens), and Group 18 contains nonmetals (noble gases). Metals in Group 1 are malleable, ductile, and conductive, while nonmetals in Groups 17 and 16 have poor conductivity and a range of physical states. Group 18's noble gases are unreactive due to having full-energy orbitals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elements in the periodic table can be categorized into metals, nonmetals, and semiconductors (or metalloids) based on their properties and location on the table.
Group 1: These elements are metals. They are also known as alkali metals and include lithium, sodium, potassium, etc. They tend to be very reactive, are excellent conductors of electricity, and are malleable and ductile.
Group 17: Elements in this group are nonmetals known as halogens. They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They have high reactivity and poor electrical conductivity.
Group 5: This is a mixed group. It contains metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. However, in the main-group elements, Group 5 typically consists of metalloids and nonmetals.
Group 16: Referred to as the chalcogens, elements in this group are primarily nonmetals, including oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. These elements can form anions and are varied in their physical states.
Group 18: The elements here are nonmetals known as noble gases, which include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. They are characterized by having full-energy orbitals, making them very stable and unreactive.