The relationship between them is that they are all times in the geologic scale but have different spans.
The Eons is regarded as the largest unit of time in this scale. The Eon is
divided into smaller part known as Era. The Era is a unit of time which is
shorter than Eon.
Eras is further divided into periods. The period is a unit of time which is
smaller than the era. The Periods are then subdivided into even smaller
time spans known as epochs. This simply means in the periods of geologic
time scale, the eons is the largest time scale and the epoch is the lowest
time scale. The order is shown below
Eons > Era > Period > Epoch