Answer:
c. The increased number of people through whom information must pass
Step-by-step explanation:
Options include "a. Reductions in morale tend to prevent employees from communicating effectively, b. The fewer number of subordinates reporting to each manager, c. Reductions in production discourage employees from sharing information, d. The increased number of people through whom information must pass, e. The smaller number of managers as compared to line workers"
The researchers give a reason that in case of tall organization, the information must pass through all the people in the hierarchy due to which there are high chances of distortion from original version. In case of flat structure, all can be communicated directly and it is more open in regard to culture.