Answer:
Rutherford conducted an experiment (α-particles scattering) in order to find the arrangement of electrons and protons in an atom. This experiment led to the discovery of nucleus in an atom.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil (about 0.00004 cm thick) with alpha particles in an evacuated chamber. These particles got scattered and were allowed to to strike on a circular zinc sulphide coated screen. He observed a flash of light on the screen where the alpha particles struck. From this experiment, he made the following conclusions.
Observation 1: Most alpha particles (α-particles) pass straight through the gold foil without any deflection from their original paths.
Conclusion: There is a lot of empty space in the atom.
Observation 2: A few alpha particles were deflected, at small angles and a few at large angles.
Conclusion: There is a small positively charged object at the centre of the atom. He said this because as alpha rays are positively charged it can pass through only negatively charged particles and get deflected by the same charge. He concluded that the small positively charged object present within the atom is called the nucleus.
Observation 3: Very few alpha particles completely rebounded on hitting the gold foil.
Conclusion: The nucleus is dense and hard. It is located at the centre of the atom.
(Refer the picture given in the question)
#HopeItHelps
:)