Final answer:
A reader can mainly infer from paragraph 22 how authors integrate critiques and backgrounds from other sources to shape their own arguments and narratives, using techniques like summarizing and analyzing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main inference a reader can draw from paragraph 22 is how authors use other critics' works to inform and shape their own writing. There is an emphasis on the techniques of summarizing, paraphrasing, explaining, analyzing, and evaluating a reading selection. Specifically, this paragraph seems to illustrate how referencing others' critiques can both support and inspire an original thesis, as well as provide important background information that will guide the narrative. It also hints at the rhetorical strategies authors employ to either align with or challenge existing norms in literature.
The passage quoted focuses on the example of a writer utilizing a summary of another text to transition smoothly into their own topic concerning the themes and symbolism in the book. It underscores the expectation that an author should make the relevance of cited evidence clear to the reader, ensuring the evidence is effectively supporting the argument being made.