Final answer:
The amount of heat and energy produced by the body per unit of time is the metabolic rate, often measured in calories or kilocalories, while the joule is the SI unit of energy. This metabolic rate increases during exercise, and the heat generated is dissipated through processes like sweating and breathing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of heat and energy produced by the body per unit of time is referred to as the metabolic rate. When exercising, the body's metabolic rate increases, leading to a higher production of heat. Since the body is inefficient, additional mechanisms such as sweating and breathing are necessary to dissipate the excess heat. Heat energy in biological systems is measured either in calories or kilocalories, with one calorie defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one milliliter of water by one degree Celsius. In dietary terms, we refer to kilocalories as 'Calories' with a capital 'C'.
The SI unit for energy is the joule (J), but in the context of food and nutrition, calories are more commonly used. When considering the total energy output of the body, we calculate the total number of reactions and the energy per reaction. For instance, if power is the energy per unit time, and we know the energy output and the time, we can calculate the power output of a human body, such as during vigorous exercises.