Final answer:
The right to criticize your boss is not necessarily protected under the freedom of speech, especially in a private employment context, while criticizing elected officials, such as the mayor, the president, and senators, is highly protected as political speech.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to freedom of speech and which actions are not protected under it. Among the options provided, the right to criticize your boss is not necessarily protected under the freedom of speech as outlined in the First Amendment, especially if that criticism occurs within a private employment context rather than a public forum. The First Amendment protects the right to criticize elected officials and political figures, such as your mayor, president, or senator, as these constitute political speech, which is highly protected.
However, the right to free expression is not absolute, and there are several key restrictions. These include libel, slander, fighting words, threats, incitement to lawless conduct, breach of national security, invasion of privacy, and perjury. In the context of employment, criticism of a boss could potentially lead to lawful termination, as private employers are not government actors and hence have more discretion in regulating speech within the workplace.