Answer:
(a) The probability that a contestant allowed to stay in the first episode is 0.5
(b) The probability that a contestant will be allowed to stay during both is 0.25
Explanation:
The given parameters are;
The probability that a contestant who has been bribing the judges will be allowed to stay = 1
The probability that a contestant who has mot been bribing the judges will be allowed to stay = 1/3
The proportion of the contestant that has been bribing the judges = 1/4
The contestant who bribe the judges in the first round = The contestants who bribe the judges in the second round
(a) Let the total number of contestants = x
Therefore;
The number of contestants in the second round = x/4 + 1/3×(x - x/4) = x/2
Which gives that, half of the contestants make it to the second round
The probability that a contestant allowed to stay in the first episode, Pₐ₁, is given as follows;
Probability = (The number of required outcome)/(The number of possible outcome)
∴ Pₐ₁ = (x/4)/(x/2) = 2/4 = 1/2 = 0.5
The probability that a contestant allowed to stay in the first episode = 0.5
(b) The probability that a contestant will be allowed to stay during both episode, Pₐ₁₂ is given as follows;
The number of contestant that will be allowed to stay after each episode = 1/2×(The number contestant in the previous episode)
Therefore;
The number of contestant that will be allowed to stay after the first episode = 1/2 × x = x/2
The number of contestant that will be allowed to stay after the second episode = 1/2 × x/2 = x/4
Therefore, the number of contestant that will be allowed to stay after both episode = x/4
Pₐ₁₂ = (The number of contestant that will be allowed to stay after both episode)/(The total number of contestants)
∴ Pₐ₁₂ = (x/4)/x = 1/4 = 0.25
The probability that a contestant will be allowed to stay during both = 0.25.