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Nevertheless, one of the best explanations for how higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus contribute to eutrophication is the fact that after light, both nutrients represent the most important limiting factor for algal growth. The overabundance of these two nutrients leads to the stimulation of the growth of various algal species present in the ecosystem, eventually causing what is referred to as algal bloom.
Apart from constituting a nuisance to waterways, the bloom of algae causes a host of problems to the environment which include the blockage of sunlight from getting to water bodies, the release of toxins into water by algal species, hypoxia of water bodies, and eventual death of aquatic species.