Answer:
The biological process that has led to the greatest transformation of life on Earth is chemosynthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemosynthesis is a process that allows the production of inorganic molecules in organic matter, through the oxidation of molecules such as carbon dioxide (CO₂). A clear example of this is the photosynthesis carried out by plants, taking advantage of CO₂ to generate their nutrients.
It is proposed that chemosynthesis was responsible for generating organic matter from inorganic molecules that existed on earth before the origin of life. It was perhaps the first metabolic reaction that arose on earth. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are processes that follow chemosynthesis.
The other options are not correct, because cellular respiration, biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis appeared on earth after the origin of living organisms.