Final answer:
The four main types of organic compounds in living organisms are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, each with distinct monomers and functions; for example, proteins are made of amino acids while carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four main groups of organic compounds found in living things are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. These biologically important molecules consist of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen and usually oxygen, and often other elements as well. Each of these groups of compounds has its own monomer or building block and serves distinct roles in the structure and function of living organisms.
- Proteins are composed of monomers called amino acids. Proteins perform a variety of functions including acting as enzymes, hormones, and structural components. An example of a protein is hemoglobin.
- Carbohydrates are made of monomers known as monosaccharides. Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support. Glucose is an example of a carbohydrate.
- Lipids do not have true monomers because they are not polymers. They are made of fatty acids and glycerol. Lipids function as energy storage, signaling, and as structural components of cell membranes. Fats and oils are examples of lipids.
- Nucleic acids are composed of monomers called nucleotides. They store and transmit genetic information. DNA is an example of a nucleic acid.