Answer and Explanation:
A. Character displacement: This refers to the change of a trait or characteristic. Two species that share the same space must develop different characteristics in order to reduce competition and make better use of resources.
5. As a result of resource partitioning, certain characteristics may enable individuals to obtain resources in their partitions more successfully. The Selection of these characteristics (or characters) reduces competition with individuals in other partitions and leads to a divergence of features.
6. Two species of finches that live on two different islands have similar beaks, both suited for using the same food supply (seeds). On a third island, they coexist, but due to evolution, the beak of each bird species is different. This minimizes competition by enabling each finch to feed on seeds of a different size.
B. Competitive exclusion principle: The competitive exclusion principle establishes that two or more species that share the same niche requirements and are in biological competition for the same resources, won´t be able to coexist indefinitely in the same space if the other ecological factors are constant. When the superior competitor occupies entirely the inferior competitor´s fundamental niche, the superior species has advantages over the other species and monopolizes all the resources. At this point, the inferior species is displaced and must adapt to use other resources changing its behavior, or must migrate to another area where it can get access to its needs, or get extinct.
1. When two species compete for exactly the same resources (or occupy the same niche), one is likely to be moresuccessful.One species outcompetes the other and eventually, the second species is eliminated
C. Ecological niche: The ecological niche is the synthesis of all the environmental factors that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of species. These factors also include the interaction between species.
8. The sum total of the organismâs use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment
D. Fundamental niche: The fundamental niche refers only to physic conditions in which a species can live and survive in the absence of any interaction with other species.
7. The resources a population uses in the absence of competitors or under ideal circumstances
E. Realized niche: The realized niche refers to the restricted conditions in which a species can live and survive as a result of environment physic characteristics and the interaction with other species.
9. The resources a population actually uses
F. Resource partitioning: Resources partitioning refers to one dominant species monopolizing the resources, and the other inferior species use other resources -partially or completely-, migrates or get extinguished. A way in which species can divide resources is by living in different habitat areas. These species might eat the same food, and can roost in different places within the habitat. This resource partitioning and differentiation in the function of their physic location allows both species to coexist more effectively.
2. Some species coexist in spite of apparent competition for the same resources. A Closer study reveals that they occupy slightly different niches; dividing up the resources by pursuing slightly different resources or securing resources in slightly different ways.
3. Five species of warblers coexist in spruce trees by feeding on insects in different regions of the tree and by using differing feeding behaviors to obtain the insects