Final answer:
The Three-Fifths Compromise was controversial because it dehumanized enslaved individuals and denied them full representation. The issues over slavery and trade were settled through compromises like the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, but they ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Three-Fifths Compromise was controversial because it dealt with the issue of how enslaved people would be counted for the purpose of representation in Congress. The compromise agreed that each enslaved person would be counted as three-fifths of a person for this purpose. This was a contentious issue because it dehumanized enslaved individuals and denied them full representation.
As for the issues over slavery and trade, they were settled through various compromises such as the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. These compromises aimed to maintain a delicate balance between the interests of the Northern and Southern states, but ultimately failed to prevent the escalation of tensions and the eventual outbreak of the Civil War.