Problem 2
Answer: B) Shift 9 units to the left
If we replace every x with x+9, then the inputs are now 9 units larger. This moves the xy axis 9 spaces to the right. If we keep the f(x) curve fixed in place while the xy axis moves, then it gives the illusion f(x) moves 9 units to the left.
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Problem 3
Answer: B) Shift 1 unit down
Think of f(x) as y. So f(x)-1 means y-1 to show that we subtract 1 from each y coordinate of each (x,y) point on f(x).
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Problem 4
Answer: C) g(x) = 2f(x)
We multiply each y value by 2. So g(x) = 2y = 2*f(x). This makes f(x) twice as tall as before.
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Problem 5
Answer: B) shifted to the right 3 units and up 1 unit
The replacement of x with x-3 means we shift 3 units to the right. It's the similar idea to problem 2, but we're working in reverse now.
The +1 at the end means we shift 1 unit up.