Final answer:
The phrase "a dog howling" is an example of a sensory detail, as it appeals to the reader's sense of hearing and can evoke emotions, which is pivotal in creating an immersive reading experience.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the given examples, "a dog howling" is an example of a sensory detail because it appeals to our sense of hearing and can evoke a particular mood or atmosphere. Sensory details are full, literal or figurative descriptions that engage the reader's five senses — sight, taste, smell, touch, and hearing. These details help create vivid, immersive experiences for readers, as they can imagine the sound and possibly the emotions associated with a howling dog, such as loneliness or distress. In contrast, phrases like 'big car,' 'loud sound,' and 'swimming and diving' do not provide specific sensory experiences. Engaging sensory details are an important aspect of imagery in literature, enhancing the reader's engagement and emotional connection to the text.