Final answer:
The Ottomans and Aztecs both maintained hierarchical societies with sophisticated military systems and architectural accomplishments. They also showed a degree of tolerance and adaptability in governing diverse populations, which contributed to their strength and allowed for cultural exchange between different groups within their empires.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ottomans and the Aztecs exhibited similarities in their respective societal structures and military strategies. Both civilizations were marked by a hierarchical society with a ruling class, religious leaders, and a king who was associated with divinity. They displayed sophistication in construction, as exemplified by the Ottomans' adoption of Byzantine building techniques and the remarkable stone architecture of the Aztecs, including their famous pyramids. Additionally, they both developed advanced military systems: the Ottomans established a multiethnic military through systems like the Janissaries, similar to the Mamluk soldiers in Egypt, which was beneficial for creating a loyal and effective fighting force. The Aztecs, too, had powerful military organizations that allowed them to exert control over their large empire.
The Ottoman Empire was known for its diversity and tolerance under the millet system, allowing various ethnic and religious groups to self-regulate while contributing to the broader society. This approach can also be seen in the relationship between the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican cultures like the Mixtec, where evidence of interconnectedness and cultural exchange is apparent.
In terms of military and governance, the Ottomans used an enslaved class for administration and military purposes, similar to the Mamluk system in Egypt. The Aztecs also had a class of warriors that were integral to maintaining their empire. Finally, Mehmed II's tolerance towards his subjects after the conquest of Constantinople reflects a broader pattern of rulers accommodating diverse peoples within their empires, a characteristic shared with the Aztecs, who allowed various territories to maintain certain degrees of autonomy under their control.