Answer:
1. Incumbents
2. Incumbency Advantage
Step-by-step explanation:
Incumbency Advantage is a term that is often used to describe a situation in which an incumbent concerning an election is a government official at the time of election process is presently holding the actual office under contention. Thus, given that the incumbent has the name recognition, casework, campaign financing, and in most cases redistricting on his side, all these are considered to be a great advantage over his challenger.
Hence, INCUMBENTS have an advantage over challengers in what political scientists refer to as an INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE.