Question

Identify the following errors as systematic or random.

a. A micropipet is improperly calibrated, and the balance dispensed is always smaller than expected.
b. The last digit on a pH meter fluctuates up and down as a measurement is taken.
c. A thermometer is placed such that the bulb makes poor contact with the measured substance, giving erratic temperature reading.
d. A few drops of water are on a balance pan, causing the mass output on the balance to be high each time it is used.

Answer 1

systematic errors [ A, C], Random errors [B, D]

Explanation:

Random errors are errors that cause certain fluctuations around the true values of substances that are measured, as a result of difficulties being experienced while taking measurements. Systematic errors are mostly associated with the calibration of equipment. It seen to cause consistent deviations from the true value that can be gotten during measurement.

In most cases, random errors cannot be avoided while systematic errors can.