Answer:
C. One of the cars has lost its bumper.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject-verb agreement is a rule according to which the subject and predicate must agree in number. This means that a singular subject takes a singular verb, and the opposite - a plural subject takes a plural verb.
The complete subject in the given sentence is one of the cars. Cars is a plural noun, but it's preceded by the phrase one of the, which makes the subject singular. That's why the predicate must contain a singular verb, as well. The form have lost is incorrect, because that's a plural form. The correct option is has lost.
There is another mistake. The phrase it's bumper is incorrect because it's is a contraction of the phrase it is, and we need the possessive pronoun its (the car has lost its bumper = the car's bumper).
That's why the correct option is C.