Answer:
The correct answer is temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
Temperature is the correct answer simply because temperature and humidity are the most important factors when it comes to climate. Of course, the altitude is also an important factor.
Available minerals are not affecting climate practically at all as they are located in earth.
Coastline can affect climate, because of the winds of the sea and everything, but still not as much as temperature.
Human population can affect on a micro level only.