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What treaty ended the brief war with Mexico and what did Mexico give up in the treaty?

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Answer:

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, by its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States. Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.

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