The correct answer to this open question is the following.
You forgot to include both, the passage and the options for this question. However, doing some research, we can answer the following.
The sociopolitical changes that resulted from the events described in the passage were the following: "The beginning of the Mongolian tribute empire."
That answer correct because we are talking about a time when the Mongols exerted their power and dominion to invade many territories and extend its presence by conquering lands. People feared them. They killed many men, women, and families.
The passage was part of "Remembrance of Things Past: On the City of Peace, Baghdad.”