Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the lists of substituents, select the substituents that correspond to each indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.

1. Activation of the ring towards substitution.

a. CFS
b. NO2
c. OCOCH3
d. NH2

2. Withdrawal of electrons through resonance.
a. OH
b. S03H
c. CH3
d. COOH

Answer 1

Activation of the ring towards substitution: NH2, OCOCH3

Withdrawal of electrons through resonance. COOH, SO3H

Step-by-step explanation:

During electrophilic substitution, certain substituents may activate or deactivate the benzene ring.

Substitients that activate or deactivate the benzene ring may do so via resonance or inductive effect.

Groups such as -NH2 and OCOCH3 activate the ring via resonance while groups such as -SO3H and -COOH deactivate the ring via resonance.