Answer:
The correct response is Option B: grow a surplus of food.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the most important social and technological advances for the emergence of larger human settlements like cities is the ability to grow a surplus of food. This is because in order to take up other trades and means of livelihood that characterize a city, there needs to exist the capacity to store food and to distribute it to city residents who are not dedicated to agriculture themselves. Humans started to establish what archaeologists and anthropologists call agricultural villages by about 10,000 BCE where we find early evidence of large systems of storing and managing and distributing surplus. The surplus food that these residents generated allowed for the establishment of more permanent villages that increased in population. Societies of increasing complexity emerged in valleys around the Nile, Indus, and Tigris-Euphrates rivers.