In 1895, French brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière invented the cinematograph. Their father owned a photography studio. The inventions of Thomas Edison and Émile Reynaud—the kinetoscope and Théâtre Optique—inspired the brothers to experiment. They experimented with the intermittent mechanism used in sewing machines. This eventually led to their invention of the cinematograph.
The cinematograph was a multipurpose device. It combined the functions of a camera and projector. It was cheaper and lighter in weight than the kinetoscope. The device used strips of flexible 35-mm film. They shot films at 16 frames per second. This became the industry standard for many years.
Another important innovation in film is computer-generated imagery (CGI). While in earlier animation films, the animators actually created the drawings by hand. In CGI, they used 3D modeling. Computer animation changed the way filmmakers make movies. It has also changed the quality of special effects that filmmakers can create. With computers, special effects can be created much cheaper and more quickly.
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