Answer:
1.cause and effect.
2.the Emphasis is the word and phrases is the in grammatical signals
Grammatical Signals are are lieterary devices that helps the author retain coherence in their work. It creates references between different part of the text using reptition, parallelisms, synonyms etc.
What are examples of Grammatical Signals?
in lieterature, the following phrase verbs act as common grammatical signals:
•Argue
•Assert
•Content
•Observe
•Suggest
•Deny etc.