Step-by-step explanation:
Independent Variables are constants. They do not affect the result of the experiment.
In this problem, Jamie used Lysol, Clorox, Pinesol, and just water for cleaning her kitchen counter. For each cleaner, he put 5 milliliters of grape juice on the counter, sprayed the cleaner, and wiped it with one paper towel.
It means, the cleaning products like Lysol, Clorox, Pinesol, water did not depend on anything. They remain constant throughout the experiment. Also, paper towel comes under Independent Variables.