Final answer:
Hidden phenomena in science such as dark matter and dark energy refer to natural occurrences that are not directly observable and make up most of the universe. These undergo rigorous hypothesis testing and advanced experiments to improve our understanding within the field of astronomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
In science, hidden phenomena refer to aspects of the natural world that are not directly observable through our senses or traditional measurement tools. For instance, in the realm of astrophysics, we grapple with the concept that a staggering 95% of the universe is made up of dark matter and dark energy, which cannot be detected in laboratories on Earth. These phenomena are significantly challenging because they deal with submicroscopic objects or forces that must be inferred through their effects on observable matter or the expansion of the universe.
Science continually evolves with the hypothesis-testing of such phenomena to expand our understanding. Considerable debate and research continue to probe the nature of dark energy, its role in the universe, and the idea that dark matter might consist of exotic subatomic particles still undiscovered on Earth. Highly sophisticated experiments are underway to test these hypotheses and potentially uncover these mysteries amidst the crucial subfield of astronomy.