The correct answer is D. Political power is held by one or more powerful individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monarchy and oligarchy are systems of government, in which, citizens do not elect representatives or have an influence on government. In a monarchy, the power is held by the king, queen, or similar. Moreover, this power is inherited in the monarch's family.
Similarly, in oligarchy the power is held by a few ones; however, in this government, the power is not in the "royal family" and it is not inherited but it is held by few individuals that belong to the dominating social class. In this context, these two forms of government are similar because power is held by one or more powerful individuals.